Nevertheless, for the iranian world the advent of islam meant not liberation but defeat and conquest by an alien people. Iranian revolution refers to the popular movement in iran 1979 to overthrow a prowestern monarchy and establish an islamic republic. The newsmagazine for teens tehran, irans capital, was in a state of revolt on jan. This ended the achaemenid empire and persia become part of.
The public remarks of iranian leaders indicate that tehran has been consistently committed to spreading its ideology beyond iran s borders since 1979. Islamic republic of irans strategic culture and national. The national holiday, islamic revolution day, celebrates the victory of the islamic revolution on february 11, 1979. Guardians of the islamic revolution deep blue university of. How iranand the world around ithave changed in the four decades since a revolutionary theocracy took power. In the modern era, iran always has existed as an independent country. Dr abidi is associate professor in the centre for west asian and african studies. The safavid dynasty ruled iran until 1722, when an afghan army invaded the country and captured isfahan. Iran is as committed to exporting the islamic revolution today as it was in 1979. Key points for the first two to three decades after the 1979 islamic revolution, the iranianled axis of resistance was little more than rhetoric, ascribing greater unity of effort to an. Based on the scholarly literature, the study argues that it was only ruhollah.
Iranian revolution, also called islamic revolution, persian enqelabe eslami, popular uprising in iran in 197879 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on february 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an islamic republic. Celebrating its 35th anniversary, iran s islamic revolution shocked the world and redrew the map of global alliances. By overthrowing the monarch shah, revising the presiding political worldview and ideology and introducing huge changes to iranian society and foreign policy, the islamic revolution of 1979 altered the course of the countrys history. He was appointed to the council of the islamic revolution in 1979, and between 1979 and 1981 he was a member of the majlis, serving as deputy minister of defense. Take a look at the barriers to exporting the islamic revolution in the middle east reza abedi gonabad1, ebrahim fayaz2 and ahmad naderi3 1phd student, department of cultural policy making, imam reza international university, mashhad, iran, 2associate professor, department of. The islamic republic of iran iri has a strategic culture that is a confluence of and contestation between history, ideology, religion and modernity. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with. Both are difficult and tentative exercises, because irans.
The iranian revolution, past, present and future iran chamber. Khamenei was one of the founders of the islamic republican party, which dominated the majlis the national legislature after the 1979 revolution. Khomeinis theory of islamic state and the making of the. The islamic revolution of 1979 brought seismic changes to iran, not least for women. Heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and established the islamic republic of iran. The 1979 islamic revolution in iran has proved one of the most consequential events in the history of modern terrorism. The iranian revolution kent as the islamic revolution or 1979 revolution an aw.
Ideology, politics, and the development of military power in iran 19792009 by. The revolution was mostly nonviolent, although there were incidents of armed struggle. One area that has come under scrutiny is the way women dress and wear their hair the old shah, in the 1930s. If the 1979 nicaraguan revolution and sandinista regime were of limited consequence for world politics in the grand scheme of things, the iranian revolution and islamic republic. Sep 18, 2006 this is a clip from a documentary titled crisis in iran by the history channel with mike wallace. In revolutionary iran, michael axworthy guides us through recent iranian history from shortly before the 1979 islamic revolution through the summer of 2009, when iranians poured into the streets of tehran by the hundreds of thousands, demanding free, democratic government. Based on the scholarly literature, the study argues that it was only ruhollahs key thinking that led and formed the foundations of modern iranian society at a time when there was no hope but worries. Shapour bakhtiar as his new prime minister with the help of supreme army councils couldnt control the situation in the country anymore. Jun 18, 2019 in the late 1970s, the pahlavi dynasty was overthrown and replaced by a new islamic republic of iran. By looking at the historical, domestic, international, and socioeconomic factors related to the revolution, this case study. The present history of international relations between the united states and iran formerly known as persia and presently recognized as the islamic republic of iran is strain fully unfriendly and adversarial. The iranian revolution and its legacy of terrorism lawfare. Its challenge to the west the ideological engine powering the iranian regimes race for regional supremacy is among the more misunderstood and ignored aspects of irans political and military activity in the middle east. Pdf this paper intends to explore the role and key contributions that ayatollah ruhollah played in the iranian revolution.
Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution september 30, 20 this case study investigates the social, economic, and political dynamics of 1970s iran that led the iranian people to accept, and then maintain, religion as the basis of a new political system after deposing mohammad reza shah pahlavi in 1979. The islamic revolution and iran under ayatollah khomeini, 1979 1989 8 president rafsanjani and the era of reconstruction, 1989 1997 9 president khatami and the reform movement, 1997 2005 10. Ruhollah khomeini ruhollah khomeini centre greeting supporters after returning to tehran, february 1979. This article is to explain the policies that have been undertaken by government of iran in foreign affairs since islamic revolution 1979. Here is an overview of the events that led up to the iranian revolution, as well as the events in the revolution and the aftermath. The army consisted of three armored divisions, three infantry divi sions, and four independent brigades. The shah, irans ruler for nearly four decades, had fled the country. Ideology and irans revolution institute for global change. Islamic republic of irans strategic culture and national security analysis. Islamic revolution appears to bear little ideological resemblance to. Mar 01, 20 t he islamic republic of iran that emerged from the revolution of 1979 has lasted quite well. In the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini ousted mohammad reza pahlavi, who succeeded his father as shah of iran in the early 1950s.
Ayatollah khomeini had already given this as his pithy response to journalists and the response remained at that point. Less noticed, but equally significant, the revolution provoked a response by saudi arabia and various sunni militant groups that set the stage for the rise. Although principles underlined in constitution of iran. Thirty years on, and better late than never, iran is a more prosperous country than under the pahlavi. The islamic revolution and iran under ayatollah khomeini, 1979 1989. Mar 25, 2020 iranian revolution, also called islamic revolution, persian enqelabe eslami, popular uprising in iran in 197879 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on february 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an islamic republic. Irans ancien regime and the islamic revolution the western reaction to the islamic revolution has been a curious admixture of hysteria and complacency. The public remarks of iranian leaders indicate that tehran has been consistently committed to spreading its ideology beyond irans borders since 1979. Iran celebrated the 40th anniversary of its islamic revolution. Irans 1979 revolution is one of the most important events of the late twentieth. The islamic revolution of iran was nurtured by the blood of hundreds of young men and women, infused with faith, who raised their cries of allahu akbar at daybreak in execution yards, or were gunned down by the enemy in streets and marketplaces.
Iranian women before and after the islamic revolution bbc. Iran relations and the iran iraq war 19791988 buchan, james, days of god. Mar 26, 2020 key points for the first two to three decades after the 1979 islamic revolution, the iranianled axis of resistance was little more than rhetoric, ascribing greater unity of effort to an. Nov 25, 2019 heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and established the islamic republic of iran. Iranian revolution how is the islamic revolution connected. The iranian revolution past, present and future brought the safavids into direct conflict with the ottoman empire and led to two centuries of intermittent warfare between those two powerful states. Ten days later bakhtiar went into hiding, eventually to find exile in paris. Iranian women after the islamic revolution dr ansia khaz ali more than thirty years have passed since the triumph of the islamic revolution in iran, yet there remain a number of questions and ambiguities about the way the islamic republic and its laws deal with. Pdf foreign policy of iran after islamic revolution. This paper intends to explore the role and key contributions that ayatollah ruhollah played in the iranian revolution. A pledge to exporting the revolution is enshrined in irans constitution. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of 2,500 years of persian monarchy mohammadi 38. Power and paradox in the islamic republic emergence of the islamic republic. As a result of the iranian revolution, iran became an islamic republic.
Iranian revolutions in comparative perspective oxford academic. A pledge to exporting the revolution is enshrined in iran s constitution. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran is a declaration of the social, cultural, political, and economic foundations of the iranian society based on islamic principles and norms that re. During my entire stay in iran, i did not hear even once the word revolution, but four out of five times, someone would answer, an islamic government. At the first signs of escalating unrest in early 1978, neither iranian nor u. The iranian revolution past, present and future glittering achievements, the sassanid empire was characterised by extreme oppression of the downtrodden masses. This is a clip from a documentary titled crisis in iran by the history channel with mike wallace. The revolution led to a surge in iranianbacked terrorism that continues, albeit in quite different forms, to this day.
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